1、碳;含碳量越高，剛的硬度就越高，但是它的可塑性和韌性就越差.

1. Carbon; The higher the carbon content, the higher the hardness, but the poorer its plasticity and toughness

2 、硫;是鋼中的有害雜物，含硫較高的鋼在高溫進行壓力加工時，容易脆裂，通常叫作熱脆性。

2. Sulfur; It is a harmful impurity in steel. Steel with high sulfur content is prone to brittle fracture during high temperature pressure processing, commonly known as thermal brittleness.

3 、磷;能使鋼的可塑性及韌性明顯下降，特別的在低溫下更為嚴重，這種現象叫作冷脆性.在優質鋼中，

3. Phosphorus; It can significantly reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel, especially at low temperatures, and this phenomenon is called cold brittleness In high-quality steel,

硫和磷要嚴格控制.但從另方面看，在低碳鋼中含有較高的硫和磷，能使其切削易斷，對改善鋼的可切削性是有利的.

Sulfur and phosphorus must be strictly controlled On the other hand, low-carbon steel contains high levels of sulfur and phosphorus, which can make it easy to cut and improve its machinability

4 、錳;能提高鋼的強度，能消弱和消除硫的不良影響，并能提高鋼的淬透性，含錳量很高的高合金鋼(高錳鋼)具有良好的耐磨性和其它的物理性能.

4. Manganese; It can improve the strength of steel, weaken and eliminate the adverse effects of sulfur, and enhance the hardenability of steel. High alloy steel (high manganese steel) with high manganese content has good wear resistance and other physical properties

5 、硅;它可以提高鋼的硬度，但是可塑性和韌性下降，電工用的鋼中含有一定量的硅，能改善軟磁性能.

5. Silicon; It can increase the hardness of steel, but its plasticity and toughness decrease. Electrical steel contains a certain amount of silicon, which can improve its soft magnetic properties

6 、鎢;能提高鋼的紅硬性和熱強性，并能提高鋼的耐磨性.

6. Tungsten; It can improve the red hardness and thermal strength of steel, as well as enhance its wear resistance

7 、鉻;能提高鋼的淬透性和耐磨性，能改善鋼的抗腐蝕能力和抗氧化作用.

7. Chromium; It can improve the hardenability and wear resistance of steel, as well as enhance its corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance